P3465
BnF Archives et manuscrits
City:
Paris
Library:
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Manuscript ID:
Arabe 3465
Edition:
Sylverstre de Sacy, Antoine,
Calila et Dimna ou fables de Bidpai, Paris, 1816 (based on this MS, supplemented by unidentified other MSS).
Bibliography:
Blois, François de,
Burzoy's Voyage to India and the Origin of the Book of Kalilah Wa Dimnah, London: The Royal Asiatic Society, 1990, 70 (referred to as P13).
Gruendler, Beatrice, “Continuum: The Interrelation of some Arabic Versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna, ” in:
An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions ed. B. Gruendler and I. Toral, Leiden: Brill (forthcoming).
Gruendler, Beatrice, Jan J. van Ginkel, Rima Redwan, Khouloud Khalfallah, Isabel Toral, Johannes Stephan, Matthew L. Keegan, Theodore S. Beers, Mahmoud Kozae, and Marwa M. Ahmed. “An Interim Report on the Editorial and Analytical Work of the AnonymClassic Project.”
Medieval Worlds medieval worlds, no. Volume 11. 2020 (2020): 241–79, esp. 263, 250.
https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no11_2020s24 .
Guesdon, Marie-Geneviève and Annie Vernay-Nouri (eds.),
L’art du livre arabe. Du manuscrit au livre d’artiste, Paris: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2001, 132.
Luyster, Amanda, “The Conversion of Kalila and Dimna: Raymond de Béziers: Religious experience, and translation at the fourteenth-century French court, Gesta, ” vol. 56, no. 1, 2017, pp. 81-104.
O'Kane, Bernard,
Early Persian Painting: Kalila and Dimna Manuscripts of the Early Fourteenth Century, London: Tauris, 2003, pp. 38-39.
Ullmann, Manfred,
Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Leiden, Köln, 1972 (Handbuch der Orientalistik, I Abteilung, Ergänzungband VI, 2), p. 268.
Vernay-Nouri, Annie, “Histoires de transmission: un manuscrit du XIIIe siècle (Paris, Arabe 3465) et ses copies tardives, ” in Eloïse Brac de la Perrière, Aïda El Khiari, and Annie Vernay-Nouri and (eds.),
The Journeys of Kalila and Dimna: Itineraries of fables in the Literature and Arts of the Islamic World, Leiden: Brill 2022, pp. 130-71.
Accuracy:
Estimated
Hijri calendar:
616
Gregorian calendar:
1220
Dated to 1200-1250? in Bernard O'Kane, Early Persian Painting, pp. 38-39 and c. 1220 by Edgar Blochet. The latter dating has reached consensus; see Vernay-Nouri, “Un manuscrit du XIIIe siècle (Paris, Arabe 3465), “ cited above.
Partially restored
Beginning and end and some fols. throughout the MS
Folios 1-3, 5, 7-9, 68, 98, 22, 25, 129 and 138-146 were restored.
146 fols. Folios 1-3, 22, and 25 were probably restored by the copyist of Oxford, Bodleian, E. D. Clarkii Or. 9, and folios 138-146 were probably restored by the copyist of Paris, BnF Arabe 3470; see Vernay-Nouri, “Un manuscrit du XIIIe siècle (Paris, Arabe 3465).“
Material:
Leather
Period:
Modern
Additional features:
Green colour, red and gold decoration, with book flap.
Binding not original to the manuscript.
Cover made out of paper covered by green leather with red and gold decoration, and book flap.
By folio
By folio
Foliation on upper the left corner of the recto page in Latin numbers and Coptic numbers.
146 fols.
Catchwords
No frame
Lines per page:
15
Chapter titles:
Larger or stretched pen,
on separate line,
colored ink.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol', 'colored pen', 'mashq', 'overstrike.']
Chapter titles in golden larger tawqīʿ with thin black contour, intahā signs (initial shape of hāʾ) at end of chapter.
Some red overstrikes mark inquit (qāla) of character or narrator.
Present
Inside illustration
In total 98 illustrations are included in the manuscript (8 of them are restored).
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
More than two
Execution:
Professional
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably wide
Letter spacing:
Noticeably narrow
Stroke direction:
Vertical
Lower curves:
Deep and rounded
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Moving
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Full
Alif mamdūda (-āʾ) with madda for glottal stop, Shadda, alif al-wiqāyaʾ on present tense, hamza symbol.
Original hand: rounded naskh with slightly varying stroke thickness, horizontally extended final letters, alif drawn beneath the baseline, initial hooked kāf.
Dāl/dāhl shifts
No ḍād/ẓā shifts
No sīn/ṣād shifts
Tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
Frequent
Madda marks alif mamdūda, and intervocalic hamza written by yāʾ; frequent hamza sign; postvocalic hamza marked by madda; alif maqṣūra dotted below; alif al-wiqāyaʾ added in present tense verbs; sukūn on long vowels; tanwīn expressed by ḍamma and faṭha.
Muhmal signs on ḥāʾ (small ḥāʾ), dāl dotted beneath, sīn (v-shaped and/or three dots beneath, fol. 42v, l.1), on rāʾu-shape, on ʿayn (small ʿayn), on hāʾ and Tāʾ marbūṭa (small hāʾ), The sukūn is a circle or a reversed c.
hamza is at times combined with madda e.g., al-ṣafrāʾ, māʾahā, jāʾa, sāʾa, qirāʾa.
hamza is mostly missing on inital alif, though use increases throughout the MS.
It is written occasionally, on the line (ridāʾa); combined with a carrier, shayʾan, kayfa ukhṭiʾu; changed to glide in intervocalic position in (muwaliffuhū < muʾaliffuhū, innā qāriyahū < qāriʾahū, warāyi < warāʾī, aṣdiqāyihī < aṣdiqāʾihī, ʿanāya < ʿanāʾa , tuwātīhi < tuʾātīhi, khāyin < khāʾin, dropped in postvocalic position (qirātihī < qirāʾatihī, ʿalā shayin, shay, bi-ʿamāhu < bi-ʿamāʾihi, ridāhū < ridāʾahū).
madda missing (e.g., ākhiratihi, lam aman < āman) or replaced by hamza (wa-l-ākharu, ākhiratihī), but also correct (ilā ākhirihī). madda and hamza subsequent (ka-l-māʾi).
madda used as miniature alif on lām (ulāʾika).
dāl written for dāhl(alladī < alladhī; akhadta < akhadhta; yāʾ dotted below for ī and ā (alladhī, hattā, jarā)).
Ṭā written for ẓā (ṭahara < ẓahara; ẓahara < ṭahara).
But ī occasionally undotted (alladī < alladhī).
Paris Continuum (earliest witness), Chess group, As Group, A Sequence, illustrated.
Though the earliest extant witness of P-c, it its is significantly abridged, lacking units extant in the Older Syriac version
Near verbatim copies:
Clarke Or. 9 (14th c.), Paris 3470 (16th c.); Hamburg 170 (X), München 615 (X).
P3466
BnF Archives et manuscrits
City:
Paris
Library:
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Manuscript ID:
Arabe 3466
Bibliography:
Blois, François de,
Burzoy's Voyage to India and the Origin of the Book of Kalilah Wa Dimnah, London: The Royal Asiatic Society, 1990, 67 (referred to as P1).
Gruendler, Beatrice, “A Rat and Its Redactors: Silent Co-Authorship in Kalīla wa-Dimna, ” in in Eloïse Brac de la Perrière, Aïda El Khiari, and Annie Vernay-Nouri and (eds.),
The Journeys of Kalila and Dimna: Itineraries of fables in the Literature and Arts of the Islamic World, Leiden: Brill 2022, pp. 3-42
Gruendler, Beatrice, Jan J. van Ginkel, Rima Redwan, Khouloud Khalfallah, Isabel Toral, Johannes Stephan, Matthew L. Keegan, Theodore S. Beers, Mahmoud Kozae, and Marwa M. Ahmed. “An Interim Report on the Editorial and Analytical Work of the AnonymClassic Project.”
Medieval Worlds medieval worlds, no. Volume 11. 2020 (2020): 241–79, esp. 259-60, 263-64, 266.
https://doi.org/10.1553medievalworlds_no11_2020s241.
Accuracy:
Estimated
Hijri calendar:
16 Rabīʿ I 854
Gregorian calendar:
29 April 1450
Date is contained in a reader’s note on the last page (p. 345) by Abdarrahmān b. al-Bayṭār, ergo an ante quem.
Complete
Material:
Leather
Period:
Modern
Additional features:
Red color
Modern European binding in red leather with gold blazon of Colbert.
By folio, by page
By page
Pagination in upper left corner of recto page in Latin numbers.
Foliation at lower right corner of recto page in Latin numbers.
345 pp.
Catchwords
No frame
Lines per page:
17
Chapter titles:
On separate line,
colored ink,
paragraph symbol,
larger size.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol', 'colored pen', 'overstrike.']
The text block is not carefully observed. Chapter titles are in large red pen on separate line, in Im, Lo subtitle in black pen, in Bu bordered by paragraph signs (three red or black inverted apostrophes).
Chapter titles are repeated in small back pen on the margin (though some were cut in the binding process).
Text division: by paragraph symbols in the form of inverted red apostrophes, red dots, and intahā signs; they cluster in certain parts of the MS, e.g., the end of the Kd chapter, pp. 242-50. Text highlighting is by red overstrike; the inquit is highlighted by retracing the lām of qāla in red pen, or writing the entire word in red pen.
Gaps
Marginal
The gaps are large enough to fit actual pictures.
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
Two
Execution:
Routined
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably wide
Letter spacing:
Noticeably narrow
Stroke direction:
Oblique
Lower curves:
Deep and rounded
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Moving
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Selective
Shadda, hamza symbol.
H1 covers most of the MS, H2 appears in pp. 66-70 and is more compact. Vocalisation is mostly limited to tanwīn and occasionally extends to other signs in the i‛rāb. Tā marbūṭa is undotted, e.g., Kalīla wa-Dimnah, thamrah. Shadda is used occasionally, e.g. ḥattā, radda, ẓanna, tasawwara, fa-lammā, hamma.
No dāl/dāhl shifts
No ḍād/ẓā shifts
Sīn/ṣād shifts
No tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
Occasional
Sīn/ṣād shift appears in the legend p. 62.
madda marks alif mamdūda without hamza sign in ʿulamāʾ, qirāʾatihī, wa-l-māʾi or more rarely with hamza sign behind in ʿulamāʾ, ḥukamāʾ, qirāʾati l-kutubi, ridāʾahū, or combined with hamza sign on top in ṣafrāʾ. madda marks also long ū in arādū, lahū, aḍāfahū, and long ū with hamza, mamlūʾatan burran (this is perhaps the point of transfer to use madda for long ū alone), and long ī in alladhī, and word-initial long ā in lam āman.
Dotted yāʾ is used for ā in jarā, ʿasā and undotted both for ā, ʿalā and for ī and final yāʾ (summiya).
Some final yāʾ is written as alif, e.g., qāsā, ramā.
Structural cross-copy (switches from P-c to L-c between the Rd and Oc chapters), Vorlage/Model? for the Queen Continuum (earliest complete witness), Km Group, As Group, Chess Group, D Sequence, blanks left for illustrations
CCCP578
Parker Library On the Web. Manuscripts in the Parker Library at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
City:
Cambridge
Library:
Cambridge, Corpus Christi College
Manuscript ID:
Parker 578
Bibliography:
Vaughan, R., and J. Fines, “A Handlist of Manuscripts in the Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, Not Described by M. R. James, ”Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 3 (1960): p. 119 (brief description).
Budny, M.,
Insular, Anglo-Saxon, and Early Anglo-Norman Manuscript Art at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge: An Illustrated Catalogue. Kalamazoo, MI, 1997, vol. I, pp. liii, 564 (brief comments on modern rebinding).
Dickins, B. “The Making of the Parker Library,
” Transactions of the Cambridge Bibliographical Society 6 (1972): p. 31 (briefly mentions that this Arabic version of Kalilah and Dimna decorated with illumination of the fourteenth-century Baghdad school style was donated in 1796 by W. T. Sandiford but was not catalogued as part of the collection until the twentieth century).
Accuracy:
Exact
Hijri calendar:
20 Jumādā I 7?1
Gregorian calendar:
1444
Dated in colophon, 136r, whose part containing middle cipher is torn off, Tuesday 20 Jumadā II, 7?1. That date falls on a Tuesday only in 701 [22 February 1302], but between the single digit aḥad ending the previous line and the century (sabʿamiʾa) on the next line remains the final arch of a word).
136v, contains a couplet and a note dated 1. Rabīʿ I, 848/13. June, 1444.
Complete
Some words are erased.
Material:
Leather
Period:
Modern
Additional features:
Blue leather with paper used as doublure.
Electronic, by folio
By folio
136 fols.
Catchwords
No frame
Lines per page:
16
Chapter titles:
Larger or streched pen,
in running text,
colored ink.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol.']
Chapter titles marked in larger red pen, also in table of contents (12r-14r); chapter titles appear in running text, the title line, or the one ending the previous chapter, is filled with combinations of three inverted red apostrophes and red dotted circle.
Text division: red inverted apostrophes mark semantic breaks; three red inverted apostrophes and dotted circles frame titles as line fillers, also in table of contents, further line fillers are v-shaped (Im 19.1).
Text highlighting: red overstrike for numbers, sentence-initial particles (14v); red contouring of final curves of lām in inquit (qāla), nūn, kāf, yāʾ and other internal horizontal connections between letters.
Present
None
120 ills.
Frontispiece illustration, double page, at opening with king and subjects, surrounded with golden illumination, 1v-2r. Text in illuminated frame above and below frontispiece illustrations:
كتاب كليلة ودمنة / . . . بعض حكماء الهند / ترجمه ي عبد الله بن المقفّع رحمه الله / من اللغة السريانيّة إلى اللغة العربيّة
Illustrations more numerous than in other Mamluk illuminated MSS of KD, several unique motifs, sophisticated execution, broad color spectrum; some illustration do not match the text.
Illustrations decrease in number in latter part of book; none in wisdom sayings of Kd chapter, and some shorter chapters lack illustrations (e.g., Mc).
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
One
Execution:
Routined
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably wide
Letter spacing:
Normal
Stroke direction:
Vertical
Lower curves:
Deep and rounded
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Adhering
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Partial
Alif mamdūda (-āʾ) with madda for glottal stop, alif al-wiqāyaʾ on present tense.
Dots on tāʾ often missing; hook of yāʾ in فيها or إليها (Im) often not written; final hāʾ written as hook; ligature of fatḥa-ḍamma e.g., أنّه Muhmal sign rarely in sīn رأسه (Im). kasra as reverse oblique stroke descending on left; frequent tanwīn alif.
Dāl/dāhl shifts
No ḍād/ẓā shifts
No sīn/ṣād shifts
Tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
Occasional
Tāʾ written for thāʾ occasionally
dāl written for dhāl (Mc throughout)
hamza intervocalic as as glide نايم for نائم (Im) بهوآيه for بهوائه;
hamza placement: sign written after alif (Im يقراء for يقرأ) or before alif over ط in أخطأ but no madda in initial ā (Im للآخرة for للآخرة); madda also on ī in fī (Im) and يصيبه (Im);
hamza postvocalic dropped: قراة for قراءة (Im 10)
hamza postconsonantal marked with sign (Im شيًا with sign above yāʾ)
hamza in alif mamdūda as madda (Im بقرآتها for بقراءتها and الدنآة for الدناءة) and both combined (Im جآء for جاء) but no madda where expected in CA: Im الأخر for الآخر and with i in alif (Im إلّا em. from إلّآ)
alif al-wiqāyaʾ in imperfect, once (أرجوا)
Final -ā as alif, even if yāʾ in root e.g., يرا for يرى and عنا for عنى
yāʾ for -ā both dotted رأي (Im) and undotted (حتّى), and for -ī undotted عرى in (Im)
Tāʾ marbūṭa dotted (حكمة)
Both Early Group and cross-copy, First Risāla Group (subgroup a), Speech Group, C Sequence, close to Ayasofya 4214 and P5581 and L4044 [KK to fill in details].
A4095
City:
Istanbul
Library:
Ayasofya (in Süleymaniye Library)
Manuscript ID:
4095
Edition:
Ibn al-Muqaffaʾ, Kalīla wa-Dimna, ed. Ṭāhā Ḥusayn and ʿAbdalwahhāb ʿAzzām, Cairo: Dar al-Maʿārif, 1941 [with unmarked emendations and lacunae supplied from unidentified manuscripts].
Translation:
Miquel, André, Le livre de Kalila et Dimna ou fables de Bidpaï, Paris: Klincksieck, 1957 [based on this MS with additions from the ‘classical oriental edition’ by al-Mursafī, Cairo, n.d., the As preface and rare chapters Km, Df, and Kw are moved to the appendix, of these only Km is contained in the MS, placed between Kd and Mc].
Bibliography:
De Blois, François , Burzoy's Voyage to India and the Origin of the Book of Kalilah Wa Dimnah, London: The Royal Asiatic Society, 1990, pp. 3-4, 9, 44-47, 66 (referred to as Az). The MS is included in the apparatus of the editions of “The Man in the Well” and “Burzoy’s Voyage to India” (short and long versions), pp. 73-95.
Gruendler, Beatrice, “A Rat and Its Redactors, p. 3-42, esp. 6-7 and 11-17.
Gruendler, Beatrice, "The Interrelation of Some Arabic Versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna as Continua" in B. Gruendler and I. Toral, eds., An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions, Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
Gruendler, Beatrice, “Miscarriage of Justice and Dissenting Re(d)actions in Kalīla and Dimna, ” in: Variants in Classical Textual Traditions: Errors, Innovations, Proliferation, Reception? Edited by Glenn W. Most, Berlin De Gruyter, forthcoming.
Khalfallah, Khouloud, "The Chapter of the King and His Dreams as an Indicator Parameter for Classifying the Variety of Versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna, " in B. Gruendler and I. Toral, eds., An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions, Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
Accuracy:
Exact
Hijri calendar:
1 Jumādā II 618
Gregorian calendar:
23 July 1221
Complete
Material:
Period:
Additional features:
[No information; missing in scan]
By folio
By folio
There are two foliations:
one of Kalīla wa-Dimna, with Arabic numbers centered in top margin, and for the entire MS in Latin numbers, upper left corner. KD takes up the last 106 fols.
242 total fols.
The composite MS includes: 1) al-Tibrīzī (d. 502/119), Sharḥ al-qaṣāʾid al-sabʿ with three further qaṣīdas by al-Aʿshā, al-Nābigha al-Dhubyānī and ʿAbīd b. al-Abraṣ, recension of Ibn al-Samīn, Abū l-Maʿālī Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAlī (who is also mentioned in the samāʿāt), (fols, 1r -110v, including samāʿāt; the text is based on the copy of the author Abū Zakariyā b. ʿAlī al-Khaṭīb [al-Tibrīzī], see fol. 134v); 2) in same hand, al-Tibrīzī, [Sharḥ] Maqṣūrat Abī Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan Ibn Durayd (d. 321/933), a pedagogical poem about words ending in -ā and -āʾ (fols. 111r-135v, with samāʿāt at beginning and end and followed with a further poem by Ibn Durayd, introduced as qaṣīdatāni fī qaṣīda, with second internal qāfiya after the caesura, which is placed at two-third’s length of the verse ); 3) Kalīla wa-Dimna, written by a different copyist and at a later date than the two previous works (fols. 137r-242r).
Catchwords
No frame
Lines per page:
20
Chapter titles:
Larger or streched pen, on separate line and colored ink.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol and colored pen. ']
Title marked by red pen with black-contour and separate line, the word bāb is stretched to fill the line, or written above or below the title on a separate line.
New chapter marked by new line.
Text division: short empty spaces marking semantic breaks, paragraph sign in shape of red foliated lām-alif with three black dots in the leaves and three red dots in between them, often marking semantic breaks, such as shorter parables; two paragraph signs mark the end of a chapter; frequent line fillers in the shape of red intahā, in the initial shape of the letter without tail with a black dot inside; mashq of last word to keep left border of the text block flush.
Text highlighting: key phrase hādhā l-kitāb at beg. and end of Im written in slightly larger font; titles for sub-stories marked in running text by inquit (zaʿamū) in thick red pen with black- contour.
None
None
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
One
Execution:
Routined
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably narrow
Letter spacing:
Normal
Stroke direction:
Vertical
Lower curves:
Shallow flat
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Adhering
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Absent
Alif al-wiqāyaʾ on present tense.
Characteristics: 2 variants of kāf, flat hooked and elongated with the oblique top stroke occasionally missing, alif often connected on the top to the left, lām-alif with clockwise tilted alif crossing preceding letter, initial hāʾ with open lower loop and vertical arrangement of loops, ṭāʾ stem and loop written with one stroke (looking like kāf). Muhmal sign on sīn, not to be confused with Shadda, which is not used.
Dāl/dāhl shifts
Ḍād/ẓā shifts
No sīn/ṣād shifts
No tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
None
Ẓāʾ rendered variously as ṭāʾ, ḍād, or ṣād.
London Continuum (earliest witness; early layer together with London 8751, containing Km), Km Group, C Sequence.
Though the earliest extant witness of L-c, it contains some idiosyncratic rewriting; in Di, shared rewriting with MS Dayr al-Shīr, ed. Cheikho; in Di and Lj this focuses on moral and legal issues.
Other witness of the London continuum are MSS Dayr al-Shīr, London 8751, and London 4044.
R2536
City:
Riyadh
Library:
King faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies
Manuscript ID:
2536
Bibliography:
Gruendler, Beatrice, “Miscarriage of Justice and Dissenting Re(d)actions in Kalīla and Dimna, ” in: Variants in Classical Textual Traditions: Errors, Innovations, Proliferation, Reception? Edited by Glenn W. Most, Berlin De Gruyter, forthcoming.
Gruendler and Khalfallah, "Anthologizing Kalīla wa-Dimna, " 105-60, esp. 108, 122, and 132.
Khalfallah, Khloud, "The Chapter of the King and His Dreams as an Indicator Parameter for Classifying the Variety of Versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna, " in B. Gruendler and I. Toral, eds., An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions, Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
Redwan, Rima, "Illustrations in Arabic Kalīla wa-Dimna Manuscripts: What Is Their Story?" in B. Gruendler and I. Toral, eds., An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions, Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
Accuracy:
Exact
Hijri calendar:
26 Ṣafar 747
Gregorian calendar:
18 June 1346
Dated in colophon, fol. 156v
Partially restored
Fol. 1 (containing the title page) and fol. 5 are restored.
Margins of the original pages are cut and restored, including parts of the text.
Material:
Leather
Period:
Additional features:
[No information; missing in scan.]
By folio
By folio
Foliated in Arabic numbers in upper left corner of recto page.
156 fols.
Catchwords
No frame
Lines per page:
15
Chapter titles:
Larger or streched pen, on separate line, colored ink.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol', 'mashq.']
Chapter titles and illustration legends marked by large red pen on separate line ended by paragraph sign (dotted circle).
Chapter division by new line, paragraph symbols, and colored pen.
Text division: limited to chapter titles and legends.
Text highlighting: qāla extended by mashq (Mc, Ag).
Present
Above or below illustration
65 ills.
Added at a later date.
Legends are executed in same style as chapter titles and fully vocalized.
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
Two
Execution:
Professional
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably wide
Letter spacing:
Normal
Stroke direction:
Vertical
Lower curves:
Deep and rounded
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Adhering
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Full
Shadda, hamza symbol.
H2 thinner line and and narrower spacing, becoming more narrow at the end of fol. 5v to arrive at connecting point in text.
The restoration is made from a different continuum, resulting in a number of duplicated units.
Characteristics: final alif with second stroke downwards crossing beneath baseline; final hāʾ occasionally as a hook, similar to small dāl in Mc 15 twice, Mc 32 twice; rare medial hāʾ as v-shape ويهلكه in Mc 64; madda marking alif mamdūda is often written suprasegmentally above the word أعدآوه for أعداؤه in Mc 2; in سآير for سائر in Mc 3; and وآمنه in Mc 32, etc. In Ag: between the two alifs of آباؤه.
Diacritics: often at distance from letter; rare Muhmal signs; small mīm beneath būma in Mc 20; small ḥ beneath حاجةٌ in Mc 71. The two dots of yāʾ, qāf and sometimes on tāʾ are combined into a small arch; for yāʾ this is an u-shape.
Vocalization: mostly in redundant places such as fatḥa on wāw, Shadda on sun letters and tanwīn alif.
Some kasra is reverse oblique; fatḥa and ḍamma written connected as ligature, ويتّخذه in Mc 3; فوقَهُ in Mc 11; نفسه in Mc 44; يتبع in Mc 46.1.
Dāl/dāhl shifts
No ḍād/ẓā shifts
No sīn/ṣād shifts
No tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
Occasional
Dāl for dhāl in juradh, but dotted elsewhere, e.g. in حذرٌ
hamza initial expressed occasionally by symbol وإن twice Mc 11; and فإنّهما in Mc 20; or by madda آسفلها in Mc 9; and أن in Mc 66.
hamza intervocalic as glide and madda سآير for سائر in 3; and حبآئله for حبائله in Mc 10; and فرأي in Mc 59; or dropped راي for رأى in Mc 3 and passim.
hamza postvocalic with symbol, سوءً in 63; and كالماء in 70; with both madda and symbol والصفآء for ِوالصفاء and في العمآء for في العماء in 4; and الأخلآء in 43; and إخآؤه in 69; also أعدآءيه for أعدائه (with three signs: madda above, hamza below alif, and glide); or nothing اعدايه for أعدائه in ..; or مسالتك for مساءلتك in 17, or سئاتٍ for سيّئاتٍ in 43.
hamza postconsonantal dropped (شيًا)/marked with sign (شيئًا). no occurrence in Mc.
hamza in alif mamdūda as madda (علمآ), as sign (علماء), and both combined.
alif al-wiqāyaʾ in imperfect أرجوا
Final yāʾ written as alif: يعما for يعمى in 15
yāʾ dotted for -āراي for رأى and -ī الذي in 4
Tā marbūṭa dotted (حكمة)
Iberian Continuum (earliest witness), Sv Group, Kw Group, Dreams Group, E Sequence, illustrated;
Near verbatim copy London BL 3900; close versions Istanbul EY 344 and Paris 3478.
P400
City:
Oxford
Library:
Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
Manuscript ID:
Pococke 400
Bibliography:
GAL I 151 De Blois, François, Burzoy's Voyage to India and the Origin of the Book of Kalilah Wa Dimnah, London: The Royal Asiatic Society, 1990, p. 66 (referred to as O1). MS is included in the apparatus of the editions of 'Burzoy's Voyage to India' (short version), pp. 81-87. Bernard O'Kane, Early Persian Painting: Kalila and Dimna manuscripts of the Early Fourteenth century, London: Tauris, 2003, p. 39. Contadini, Anna, “The Position of Kalīla wa-Dimna Manuscripts within the Context of Twelfth to Fourteenth Century Arab Painting, ” in A. Vernay-Nouri and E. Brac de la Perrière (eds.), The Journeys of Kalila and Dimna: Itineraries of fables in the Arts and Literatures of the Islamic World, Leiden: Brill (forthcoming).
Gruendler, Beatrice, “Media in Flux: The Tale of the Yellow Folio from Kalīla wa-Dimna, ” in Doing Justice to a Wronged Literature: Essays on Arabic Literature and Rhetoric of the 12th to 18th Centuries in Honour of Thomas Bauer. Ed. by Hakan Özkan and Nefeli Papoutsakis, Leiden: Brill, 147-72, esp. 127-28 and 132.
Redwan, Rima, "Illustrations in Arabic Kalīla wa-Dimna Manuscripts: What Is Their Story?" in B. Gruendler and I. Toral, eds., An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions, Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
Accuracy:
Exact
Hijri calendar:
25 Rabīʿ II 755
Gregorian calendar:
19 May 1354
Dated in colophon, fol. 152v
Parts missing
Beginning folios missing, final folio cut beneath the colophon.
Restored folios throughout the MS,
Missing beginning, text begins after a fragment (fol. 5) with fol. 6 containing a table of contents with synopses.
Fol. 11 is restored, 11r left blank, 11v written in different hand (H2), as are 27r-27v, 38r-38v partially, 39r-39v, and 115r-115v. All sheets are cut around the frame and glued onto new pages, some missed corners are restored by a further hand (H3).
Material:
Leather
Period:
Pre-modern
Additional features:
Oriental binding mit book flap
Electronic, by folio
By folio
Foliation in Latin numbers in upper left corner of recto page.
152 fols.
Catchwords
Frame
Lines per page:
15
Chapter titles:
On separate line,
colored ink,
larger pen.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol.']
Chapter titles marked by thick red pen, chapter division by new centered new line, chapters are ended by a dotted triangle.
Table of contents with synopses (6r-8r) has titles in thick beige pen with thin brown contour, synopses ending either with short centered line or dotted circle or triangle.
Text division: thick red pen, occasionally combined with small spaces, dotted circle, and red dot, marks subtales (mathal, min amthāli).
Text highlighting: thick red pen, occasionally combined with small spaces, dotted circle, or red dot, marks inquit (qāla, fa ʾinnahū yuqālu, also with mashq, see script), sentence-initial words (thumma, fa-baynā, wa-rubba, wa-lā yanbaghī), and lists of items (minhā); highlighting is most frequent in Im chapter; a dotted circle also serves as end-of-line filler.
Present
Above or below illustration
78 ills.
Legends are not always present. Illustrations are sophisticated, broad color spectrum, very detailed garments, architectural elements.
Notable motif is two crucifixions (fols., 130r, 145r).
Rendition of motifs is similar to P3465.
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
More than two
Execution:
Professional
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably wide
Letter spacing:
Normal
Stroke direction:
Vertical
Lower curves:
Deep and rounded
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Adhering
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Partial
Shadda, hamza symbol.
Characteristics: kāf in two versions, zigzag and horizontally stretched, final nūn extends underneath next word, final yāʾ retroflex in most particles; ligature of rāʾor wāw with final ḥāʾ/tāʾ marbūṭa, frequent mashq of bāʾ at end-of-line (8v) or in inquit (9v, 8); kasra reverse oblique, vertical, or oblique (8v, 7).
The manuscript has 3 hands. The entered information above is the original hand (H1).
The second hand is that of restored full folios (a third hand, H3, appears in restored edges of pages).
H2:
naskh
practiced
thin line
small script
wide (but occasionally narrow) line spacing
narrow word spacing
oblique
adhering to baseline
rounded lower curves
varying stroke thickness
full diacritics
unvocalized
Dāl/dāhl shifts
No ḍād/ẓā shifts
No sīn/ṣād shifts
No tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
Occasional
Dhāl written as dāl, الجرد and the reverse الصيّاذ for al-ṣayyād
Ẓāʾ written as ṭāʾ, ينطر ونطر
hamza initial rarely for ʾi, written as symbol ilā
hamza intervocalic as glide wāw or yāʾ, once in archaic orthography تقراوه taqrʾuhū
hamza postvocalic dropped, إيما for īmāʾ and إيماه for īmāʾuhū and ابتغا for ibtighāʾ
hamza postconsonantal both dropped, لا شي or marked with symbol شيء
hamza in alif mamdūda both as madda, أعدآوه or as madda plus hamza symbol علمآء; madda also on long ū سوءًا
alif al-wiqāyaʾ in imperfect, نرجوا
Final -ā as yāʾ or alif, if yāʾ in root وفا
yāʾ for -ā and -ī both undotted, حتّى فى, rarely dotted for -ī .
Tāʾ marbūṭa mostly dotted
Shadda mostly written, hamza symbol rare.
Early Group, First Risāla Group (subgroup b), Sv Group, Speech Group, ergo both Sv and Lv are combined, C Sequence, very close to München 616 and P3467, illustrated;
Near verbatim copy London Add. 24350
P3471
BnF Archives et manuscrits
City:
Paris
Library:
Bibliothèque nationale de France
Manuscript ID:
Arabe 3471
Bibliography:
De Blois, François, Burzōy’s Voyage to India and the Origin of the book of Kalīlah wa Dimnah, London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1990, p. 67 (referred to as P4).
Gruendler, Beatrice, “Media in Flux: The Tale of the Yellow Folio from Kalīla wa-Dimna, ” in Doing Justice to a Wronged Literature: Essays on Arabic Literature and Rhetoric of the 12th to 18th Centuries in Honour of Thomas Bauer. Ed. by Hakan Özkan and Nefeli Papoutsakis, Leiden: Brill, 147-72, esp. 130, 133.
Gruendler and Khalfallah, "Anthologizing Kalīla wa-Dimna, " 105-60, esp. 108, 122, and 132.
Khalfallah, Khouloud, "The Chapter of the King and His Dreams as an Indicator Parameter for Classifying the Variety of Versions of Kalīla wa-Dimna, " in B. Gruendler and I. Toral, eds., An Unruly Classic: Kalīla and Dimna and Its Syriac, Arabic, and Early Persian Versions, Leiden: Brill, forthcoming.
Ullmann, Manfred, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Leiden, Köln, 1972 (Handbuch der Orientalistik, I Abteilung, Ergänzungband VI, 2), p. 268.
Accuracy:
Exact
Hijri calendar:
23 Rabīʿ II 1053
Gregorian calendar:
11 July 1643
Dated in colophon fol. 189r.
Complete
Material:
Leather
Period:
Pre-modern
Additional features:
Oriental binding with book flap. Gatherings (kurrāsa) are numbered in upper left corner, e.g., 13r.
By folio
By folio
Foliation in Latin numbers in upper left corner of recto page.
189 fols.
Catchwords
Frame
Lines per page:
17
Chapter titles:
Larger or streched pen,
in running text,
colored ink,
overstrike.
Text division symbols:
['Paragraph symbol', 'colored pen', 'overstrike.']
Title page with attribution of KD to Buzurgmihr b. al-Bakhtikān. Thin red double-frame around the text block within larger thin red single frame enclosing catchwords and marginalia.
Chapter titles in running text in thicker red pen and green overstrike.
Text division: frequent semantic dividers in form of inverted red apostrophes; sub-stories marked by the word mathal (if contained in text) in thicker colored pen and occasionally overstrike, combining green and red.
Text highlighting: marked are inquits, proper names of characters, the book title, key words (e.g., kitāb, muqaddimal, sabuʿ wa-tawr (sic)), numbers or items in lists (e.g. list of epistemic terms in As, fol. 7v, or parts of allegoresis in Bu, 36r), and sentence-initial words (qad yuqālu, wa-qad qīla, yanbaghī, kamā anna); frequent semantic breaks with red inverted apostrophe.
None
None
78 ills.
The marginal titles of sub-stories may be reused legends from earlier models.
Type:
Naskh
Hands:
One
Execution:
Professional
Size:
Normal
Line spacing:
Noticeably wide
Letter spacing:
Normal
Stroke direction:
Oblique
Lower curves:
Shallow flat
Stroke thickness:
Varying
Baseline:
Adhering
Letter diacritics:
Full
Vowel markers:
Selective
Alif mamdūda (-āʾ) with madda for glottal stop, Shadda, hamza symbol.
Dāl/dāhl shifts
Ḍād/ẓā shifts
No sīn/ṣād shifts
Tāʾ/thāʾ shifts
Use of hamza:
Frequent
Loss of interdentals:
Tāʾ for thāʾ e.g., وتق for وثق and التقة for الثقة and تابتًا for ثابتًا and وأتنوا for وأثنوا
dāl for dhāl يدمّ for يذمّ and الدي for الذي and جدلة for جذلة and دعر for ذعر and تكديبه for تكذيبه and جرد (throughout Mc), further more مبدول and الدليل However dhāl is occasionally used in ذوا and الذي. The reverse switch occurs too والأذب for والأدب and وأذرك for وأدرك
ḍād replaces Ẓāʾ (6).
hamza symbol occasionally follows the alif it belongs to براء for برءًا and المراءة for المرأة.
hamza intervening between identical vowels is written non-plene, similar to Qurʾānic orthography رؤفا for رؤوفًا and المرؤه for المروئة and روس for رؤوس.
Postvocalic hamza dropped العلما
alif maqṣūra occasionally written as alif اجدا for أجدى
Cross-copy, Paris 3471 Group, Dreams Group, As Group, Kw Group, First Risāla Group (subgroup f), Speech group, C Sequence.
KALĪLA AND DIMNA – ANONYMCLASSIC / ARABIC LITERATURE COSMOPOLITAN
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